Social Networking Foundation and Age

Question: Examine about theSocial Networking for Foundation and Age. Answer: Presentation Internet based life assumes a vital job in regular day to day existence for the greater part of the individual in the current world. As per the market review it very well may be seen that, the development from novel to common in business is went somewhere around the outline comes about 90% of associations presently use web based systems administration for business purposes. The nearby all inclusive use of web based systems administration for business has incited a creating valuation for workplace threats rising out of its maltreatment the more that people utilize informal communication for business purposes, the more conspicuous the chances that the hardly perceivable distinction between singular use and business use will cloud. There has been a checked augmentation in the amount of associations that have executed web based systems administration draws near. In addition, various associations have familiar measures with area the specific perils rising out of internet organizing maltre atment by their laborers, for instance, tormenting and incitement, maltreatment of private information and the creation of criticizing comments about associations and accomplices. All of which can realize gigantic reputational hurt with a tap of a help, various long periods of wary and expensive stamping and displaying can be sabotaged. Fundamental Body Analysis Long range informal communication administrations (SNS) are dynamically noticeable among Australian youths paying little regard to land region, establishment and age. They join organizations, for instance, Facebook.com, MySpace.com and Bebo.com which have various a tremendous quantities of people each. It similarly fuses organizations, for instance, Elftown.com (for fans of creative mind and science fiction) and Ravelry.com (for enthusiasts of weaving!) with little amounts of people, regularly related by a specific typical intrigue Online systems administration is all around used to delineate helpful media creation and sharing on a really immense scope (that can consolidate SNS moreover other participatory media works out, for instance, news sites) anyway can be loosened up to fuse humbler customer delivered content frameworks or little scope gatherings (for example the 'little media' some portion of the current media condition), and things that every so often fall outside SNS, for i nstance, online diaries, digital broadcasts, wikis, entertainment modding (Rosenblum, 2007). Moreover, various organizations made for media sharing (for example Flickr for photo sharing, Last.FM for music listening penchants and YouTube for video sharing) have joined profile and frameworks organization features and may be considered as an element of this increasingly broad conceptualisation of SNS themselves. No ifs, ands or buts, SNS in a Web 2.0 condition have changed techniques of correspondence and social association particularly with the growing joining of web based systems administration convenience to these organizations. The speedy take-up of both web based systems administration and SNS practices by adolescents infers a crucial development in energetic people's㠢â‚ ¬Ã¥ ¸ usage of the net in a general sense for information and beguilement to one of correspondence. Adolescents are exhausting, conveying, sharing and remixing media. Inside the working environment to keep up successful business program the majority of the association uses their web based life destinations and pages as a compelling correspondence media. To keep data imparting to the next, worker commitment and for powerful correspondence inside the association the Human Resource Management group offers internet based life inclusion inside the working environment. One explicit way supervisors can use web based systems administration as a channel for delegate voice and corporate exchanges is to get to the base of total business issues. By interfacing with their workforces in open, two-way (or multi-directional) talk, they can show they are being reasonable and sustain the relationship with their workforces. Laborers much of the time find web based systems administration stages associating with considering the way that they are natural, reasonable and brisk. It is in this way an ideal channel for laborer voice, routinely exhibiting essentially more notable than traditional techniques for enabling voice, for instance, running agent surveys. Web based systems administration all around is an open, digressive and dynamic channel that brings laborers into discusses their affiliations, and gated undertaking relational associations give a shielded spot to such online conversations. Web based systems administration can energize exceptionally selected correspondences and joint exertion, and nonstop exercises, for instance, specialist portrayal structures (Boyd Ellison, 2012). Having an unrivaled orchestrated affiliation lies at the focal point of most occupations of large business casual networks, yet then again is of regular worth in itself, as it can upgrade delegates' working lives and strengthen their relationship with the affiliation. Having singular posts and what's more master is much of the time seen to add to this. By permitting and encouraging staff to attract with customers through internet organizing, supervisors can harness the devotion of these basic advertisers. Such coordinated effort can similarly strengthen the pride laborers have in their affiliations and add agreeable to them in their work. For a case, Marks and Spencer uses around 70,000 people in the UK, where the association has in excess of 700 shops. Over late years, the affiliation's lifestyle has ended up being increasingly open and communitarian, and its organization more deteriorated. Yammer, used close by an increasingly natural intranet, is a key mechanical assembly in this consistent endeavor to make a progressively positive work environment and become the best out of delegates. Web based systems administration destinations can immeasurably extend the pool from which managers can enroll and make the path toward obtaining progressively beneficial. This is inclined to be of explicit preferred position in fast paced work markets. For a case, Cape UK supplies organizations to the imperativeness fragment, including stage, warm assurance and rope get to. Enlistment is a particularly imperative component in Cape's tasks: it drastically expands the degree of its workforce over the pre-summer months and much of the time needs to enroll at short notification. Using Facebook as a valuable web-based social networking instrument the association has changed Cape's getting strategy and has been used to help specialist relations. Right then and there internet based life has been assuming a key job in the business procedure. At this current second every single business association utilizes internet based life for executing various sorts of business functionalities. As indicated by the analysts; this has been a helpful apparatus for haggling with staffs or customers in the business setting. Scientists and business eyewitnesses have expressed that long range informal communication is the procedure which has changed the customary method of making business. Numerous youngsters are working in the associations and they have distinctive mentality and nature in the business procedure. They have various observations over the authoritative exercises and methodology. Regularly they are forceful and these capacities are far vaster than the current experienced individuals. As indicated by the Australian enactment, a few rules must be kept up by the administration or youth in the organization at the hour of utilizing web ba sed life. Security issue is the greatest issue in any sort of business association. Different dangers can be produced at the hour of utilizing online life for the business procedure. It has been seen through investigation that different business issues are happened because of the poor security the board of an association (Livingstone, 2008). Despite the fact that various innovative headways have been raised, yet bunches of downsides are likewise connected. The executives of any association must need to concentrate on these components for guaranteeing the hierarchical exhibition. Representatives of an association could share their perspectives through internet based life. At past representatives couldnt have the option to share their perspectives and philosophies, yet now workers might share their perspectives and thoughts through various web-based social networking. Through this procedure individuals might improve their insight and ideas. This is a perfect method to improve the abilities of th e staffs. Then again businesses likewise need to concentrate on this issue by keeping up law and rules. Bosses can spur staffs and give them rule through web based life. Web based systems administration accept a fundamental part in customary everyday presence for by far most of the person in the current world (Wink, 2010). As showed by the business area study it very well may be watched that, the advancement from novel to ordinary in business is circumvented the layout works out as expected 90% of affiliations presently use web sorting out for business purposes. The close by comprehensive utilization of web frameworks organization for business has incited a making valuation for working environment dangers creating out of its abuse the more that individuals use individual to individual correspondence for business purposes, the more perceptible the odds that the scarcely conspicuous complexity between singular use and business use will cloud. There has been a checked expansion in the measure of affiliations that have executed web sorting out methodologies. In addition, affiliations have comfortable measures with zone the particular dangers creating out of web frameworks organization abuse by their experts, for example, tormenting and affectation, abuse of private data and the creation of scrutinizing remarks about affiliations and assistants. All of which can accomplish monstrous reputational hurt with a tap of a sponsorship, different long periods of careful and irrational stepping and displaying can be sabotaged. One specific way overseers can utilize web sorting out as a channel for operator voice and corporate trades is to get to the base of tota

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay Free Essays

string(137) This hebdomad we had a gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the worry of subjects and their cardinal word usages for hunt. The examination study is a signifier of thought, how to investigate dependent on perception and feeling. As an executive sense of self break down to accept about coming up short and qualities. In this examination, it is have to focus on conveying achievements, cut heading, run bearing, peril course, investigation, self rationale and bearing ( self judgment, self rating, self response, and vanity ) , work goals, crew effectivity and undertaking arranging. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The main points of this investigation are expected to talk and focus on following segment: Deep rooted larning after this proposal class understanding Experience and Importance of gathering work and relationship with crew individuals Significance to keep up everyday dairy for long count endeavors, for example, thesiss, look into work considers or any long capable endeavors. Consideration is a progression of measure to see down for future notice and help Significance of investigation and research we accomplished for our task handling of running endeavor Nature of business related to subject Guide and gathering individuals recommendation and prompts so note down in examination dairy Essentially agonizing perception is a technique to break down him/her self image inside and significantly and occurring out the issue of jumpiness, settle somewhere around the experience which makes the noteworthiness of inner self. Furthermore, gains from a similar reiteration experience and transformed him/her conscience effectively by the outcome of encounters. Reflection design is the signifier of sense of self cognizance and conscience evaluation and portrays the outcome and aftereffects of individual ‘s activities. Recognition of Experiences ( Weekly Detailed Dairy ) Week Date Action 01 14 - 06-2010 First hebdomad, we went to the presentation meeting of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and larn how to make an investigation and how to follow the arrangement and so forth from strong mentor. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the detailed data about way to set the referencing in our examination and module enchiridion of AMP was given to us all. Following twenty-four hours action was about the copyright infringement and turnitinUK. JBK clarified us sing rethinking and normal for turnitinUK. They other than helped us in chase of related articles from advanced library. First clasp, I have discovered that how to set cardinal words in progress chase and secure the journals and articles called discerning examination to distinction and back up our work. Burglarize clarified us about the thought investigation and how it is important with our examination and what makes a decent consideration study and what ought to be the development of study. After that we have gathered enchiridion of AMP subject. During this hebdomad we have framed a gathering of 10 individuals as we as a whole prior cooperated so we knew one another. One thing in support of us that working with known gathering individuals will chop down clasp brought to get down acting and fear of each casing of work. Get bringing down of this hebdomad we as a whole felt energized and idealistic. As we got data about work we turned out to be all the more perceiving, confused and uncertain and our subject other than made us extremely uncertain and passing on. Yet, after two yearss encephalon inclining with bunch individuals and expound treatment with mentor consoled us, and gave us explanation and demonstrated right way. When all is said in done we discovered that wide extent of assets and journals are accessible in our library ; it was investigated that without the mentor guidance might be we would be on the erroneous way. We other than comprehend the significance of refering to. The most effective method to looking into the stuff from various authors and significance of sharing considerations each piece great as we comprehend the significance of optional research. Found out about the significance of the clasp course in embraced and appropriate referencing ; might be some activity will be experienced during the endeavor like in close to home arranging and in pull offing a gathering. Learning arrangement in this hebdomad would resemble how to happen pertinent data all the more practically and scholarly the interest to keep records about everyday exercises of headway. 02 21-06-2010 . This hebdomad, I have perused the enchiridions and all stuff given by mentor. Two articles in enchiridion are extremely much accommodating for understanding the subject. Today we start our endeavor ; we did research and discovered 5-6 articles about imprint advertise decision and contrast somewhere in the range of B2B and B2C designs. Going up against much difficulty in examine about the important subject in light of the fact that our subject is a lot of elusive and jumbling. Following two twenty-four hours battling and with various cardinal words as recommended by mentor, we came at one purpose of start. Need to comprehend the union Main Report like how to pull grounds and assess and present our ain thoughts in Report. It was prompted that the main investigation ought to be amalgamation rather than elucidating. A bunch of hurdlings came while looking for the subjects. To twenty-four hours I got some utile articles and in the wake of perusing got some utile purposes of my requests. This hebdomad we had a gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the misgiving of subjects and their cardinal word usages for chase. 03 28-06-2010 This hebdomad, encountering a lot of difficulty while perusing, reconsidering and looking at the articles of various journalists and various sides sing my subject and cardinal words. Before begin making the writing reappraisal, I should require to comprehend and break down the Harvard System for legitimate referencing. So Google it and occur and comprehend the numerous methods of seting refering to for article, journals and books, for example, articles with losing day of the month, losing essayist ‘s name, with mutiple or two author ‘s work and so forth. Today, I began my work on proposition and I made a booklet of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them so do the combine point from them I have been begun my work from writing reappraisal which is the central natural structure of the investigation where we needs to set our capacity to deliver a nature of work at that place. I had composed my amalgamation point from two articles. This hebdomad we had a second gathering on Friday to work out the issues sing the anxiety of subjects and bit a few considerations each piece great as looked through article with one another other than our endeavor executive direct us some utile subject identified with solicit foring stamp from innovative arrangements. I have chosen to part my work section savvy as guided us by our AMP workforce Coordinator. So we come the point that work ought to be start from writing reappraisal development. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my outcome ; I had passed my in all resources. Thankss to Almighty GOD. Today I other than audit the one more article which is introduced in a worldwide meeting sing issues identified with ICT looking by SMEs organizations. So separate some main point from this article and note down. In our gathering we talked about the contrast between E-business and E-begin, it found about an intricate perusing that e-start is connected to the B2B and e-business is connected with B2C. Moreover from surveies one thing come out that is advanced related stocks and computerized inconsequential product. Our endeavor crew pioneer clarified and plainly separated that carefully related product for example bundle applications, migrant telephones, advanced cameras were increasingly appropriate for online business, and all the more simple sold over the internet not at all like carefully random stocks like furniture where shoppers must want inspect truly before a buy is made. We other than examined and concentrated further on the cardinal issues and thought sing the stamp greeting for site improvement arrangement. 05 12-07-2010 In writing reappraisal, looking at of all examination laborers and essayists work applicable to point is extremely much hard and distinctive nature of work for me. It is seen that all examination laborer thinking the comparable issue that affecting the activity while organization is making a trip to B2C showcase and recommends a similar interest and cardinal thought. As I am holding the primary involvement with this level of writing reappraisal and work yet it is abundantly intrigued and knowing endeavor for me. It is extremely simple to digress from the first subject during the writing reconsidering technique. Had a feeling that amusement from my unique subject in this bit of work. May God help me to make this in great and most ideal ways identified with request point request. 06 19-07-2010 This hebdomad I was non ready to deal with my examination because of my some close to home fight and some family unit issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This hebdomad, I began to comprehend and overhaul a few articles and paperss on offering. As I have to comprehend that how to request the stamp for mechanical and bundle arrangements. Issues come up while making on approach foring stamps for mechanical arrangement. Since greeting of stamps for capable and non capable arrangement are a lot of confounding and related work. However, feel comparable intriguing as I am holding the new expertness and expertness in this new nation of offering. I do n’t hold any understanding of perusing such sort of paperss. As I was stuck on the proportion of ask foring stamp so today I talked with the crew chief of our gathering so she help me out in anxiety of this particular point that what are the cardinal interest for ask foring the stamps as I was accepting on the arrangement like that sing offering yet she illuminated my issue and sent a few articles for writing reappraisal identified with this. She is extremely much helping individual and decent woman and she ought to be a decent crew lead

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop In the era of Big Data, IT managers need robust and scalable solutions that allow them to process, sort, and store Big Data. This is a tall order, given the complexity and scope of available data in the Digital Era. However, several solutions exist, though perhaps none more popular than Apache Hadoop (“Hadoop for short”).If you do not work in IT, and/or do not keep up-to-date with the latest in IT trends, you may not have heard of Hadoop; but the open source framework is used by firms ranging from social networking sites like Facebook to phone companies like ATT to energy companies like Chevron. These firms must not only store and process the data from both their internal operations and a wide variety of other sources; they must be able to leverage that data in order to develop a strong competitive advantage. And while leveraging Big Data requires vision, firm-wide buy-in, and skilled personnel, Hadoop provides arguably the most robust and versatile technical solution to a firm†™s Big Data needs. © Shutterstock.com | is am areIn this article, we will cover 1) what is Hadoop,  2) the components of Hadoop,  3) how Hadoop works,  4) deploying Hadoop,  5) managing Hadoop deployments,  and 6) an overview of common Hadoop products and services for Big Data management,  as well as 7) a brief glossary of Hadoop-related terms.WHAT IS HADOOP?Hadoop is an open-source big-data management framework, developed by the Apache Software Foundation, written in Java. Hadoop is a cross-platform distributed file system that allows individuals and organizations to store and process Big Data on commodity hardware â€" computing components used for optimized parallel computing. Doug Cutting (then a Yahoo software engineer) and Mike Carafella created Hadoop in 2005 to support Nutch, an open-source search engine. Hadoop is scalable and allows for the processing of both a large volume and a wide variety of datatypes and dataflows.Hadoop is a file system, not, as often thought, a database management solu tion as it lacks certain traditional database features. Indeed, many relational databases provide a wealth of business intelligence applications that the base package lacks. Hadoop’s core benefits lie in its abilities to store and process large volumes of diverse data (both structured and unstructured), and provide end-users with advanced analytical tools, such as machine learning and mathematical modeling, which can be applied to the data that Hadoop stores and processes. COMPONENTS OF HADOOPWhen one speaks of Hadoop, they are usually speaking about the Hadoop ecosystem, which includes a base package, as well as a variety of other software products that can be used in conjunction with the base package. The base package itself is composed of four modules:Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): This distributed file system is where the data is stored within the Hadoop framework.Hadoop YARN: This module provides a framework for both cluster resource management and job scheduling.Hado op MapReduce: Using YARN, this Java-based module allows for the parallel processing of large data sets.Hadoop Common: This consists of utilities that support the other three modules.Beyond the base package, there are many other software packages, collectively comprising the Hadoop ecosystem. These include:Apache Pig â€" a programming platform for creating MapReduce programs;Apache Spark â€" an open-source cluster computing framework; andApache Hbase â€" a non-relational distributed database designed to store large quantities of sparse data, among others.Hadoop is also modular and allows IT personnel to replace different components for different software applications, depending on the deployment and the desired functionality.HOW HADOOP WORKSFundamentally, HDFS ingests data through batch and/or interactive data processing. As a distributed file system, all data and the MapReduce system are housed on every machine in a Hadoop cluster, which creates redundancy and increased processing s peed. In a Hadoop cluster, a single machine is designated as a NameNode while others are designated as DataNodes: these track where data is stored throughout the cluster. HDFS duplicates the data on each machine. The more machines added, the more space is gained. Further, multiple machines, each containing DataNodes, mitigates against the failure of any single component of the cluster.MapReduce is used to process the data, and it does so through two components, a JobTracker in the MasterNode in a Hadoop cluster, and the TaskTrackers on the DataNodes. The JobTracker splits a computing job into its component parts and distributes them to the TaskTrackers on the machines to carry out the components. The data is then returned, or reduced, to the central node. In addition to the space, the more machines added, the more processing power is gained.YARN, which stands for “Yet Another Resource Negotiator” packages MapReduce’s CPU and memory resource management functionality, allowing t hem to be run by other engines, and allowing one to run multiple applications in Hadoop.Further, the architecture and features of the base package allow for rebalancing data on multiple nodes, allocation of storage and task scheduling based on node location, versioning of the HDFS, and high availability. It is designed to be cost-effective, flexible and scalable as well as fault-tolerant.IMPLEMENTING HADOOPFor IT managers, Hadoop deployment involves configuring, deploying and managing a Hadoop cluster. This assumes that the firm has the in-house talent, or resources to recruit and retain the in-house talent to do so. Assuming the firm has neither, there are firms that specialize in outsourcing and insourcing this function; though long-term, it remains to be seen whether one can commoditize the innovation, creativity of firm-specific insights that can come from in-house talent.If the firm does decide to deploy Hadoop and manage its data itself, it must ask the same questions necessit ated by any Big Data deployment â€" questions requiring cross-departmental and cross-functional teams to answer them. These include:What the overall goals for Big Data integration at the firm are;How the use of Big Data will be aligned with the firm’s strategic business objectives;What the firm’s overall data needs are, based on existing and needed data infrastructure;What processes and procedures will be implemented to ensure that the firm’s goals and the data science unit achieve their organizational goals;What human resources are needed; andWhat technical resources are needed, among others.The firm must determine whether they will use a managed service provider or deploy it on-premises. The benefits of integrating Hadoop into business operations through a managed service provider are many, and include backup/recovery, automated upgrades, data security tools, technical support, automated configuration and provisioning, query analysis tools, data visualization tools, and test ing environments, among others. In essence, managed service providers allow firms to focus on the data analysis aspects of Big Data without the necessity of managing a Hadoop environment. However, the firm must have a solid plan for managing data inflows and outflows to and from the managed service provider, as well as the analytics; both will require human capital and training resources.If the usage of Hadoop is likely to be sporadic or low volume, then a cloud deployment makes sense, from both a cost and human capital perspective. If, however, there is regular high volume usage, and the firm envisions the need for rapid scaling, then an on-premises install is recommended. In such an instance, usage would likely drive the costs of using the managed service provider up. Further, firms with on-premises installations may find it easier to innovate and enter new markets, especially in data-intensive industries. For example, an entertainment website with a branded social network, may de cide to start selling branded merchandise through an online storefront. An on-premises installation may allow the firm to scale its new data collection needs more rapidly, and less expensively, then a firm using a managed services provider. Moreover, depending on the Internet of Things â€" the connection of both objects and living organisms through embedded computing technologies, affects a firm’s existing operations, and/or is harnessed to create new opportunities, the rapid scaling of data available throughout on-premises deployments may be the best option.From a technical perspective, the firm must consider the design and architecture of the Hadoop cluster for an on-premises deployment. This starts with setting up and configuring a cluster, on which Hadoop will be installed. This must be carefully thought-out in terms of: choice of operating system; the number of map/reduce slots needed; memory and storage requirements; the number of hard drive disks and their capacity; and the optimal network configuration. These must be chosen with scalability in mind. The cluster install must be evaluated and tested before Hadoop installation. Once it is installed, IT managers also must consider which Hadoop applications to deploy and/or develop to meet the firm’s specific data needs, and map out a plan to obtain or create them.From a human resources perspective, an on-premises deployment includes the personnel to deploy and maintain the Hadoop cluster, as well as the data scientists (either in a standalone data science department, dispersed throughout strategic business units, or a combination of the two), and other staff who will serve as end-users. From an implementation perspective, it is recommended to hire a consultant/consulting firm to design the architecture and assist in the deployment due to the complexity of enterprise-level Hadoop implementations, and the paucity of professionals versed in the latest Hadoop-specific technologies and products. And from a process standpoint, IT managers must work with department heads to determine what legacy systems should be phased out as well as training for end-users.MANAGING HADOOPOnce deployed, firms must ensure that the environment operates with low latency, processes dynamic data in real-time and supports both data parallelism and high computing intensity. The deployment must be able to handle analytics tasks that place a high demand on computing resources without failure or necessitating further customization/server space, and the attendant loss of data center space and financial resources. Instead, IT managers must use Hadoop’s framework to improve server utilization and ensure load balancing. They must also optimize data ingestion to ensure the integrity of the data; and perform regular maintenance on the various nodes throughout the cluster, replacing and upgrading nodes and operating systems when necessary, to minimize the effects of drive failures, overheating servers, obsolete techno logies, and other developments that can create service interruptions. When scaling the firm’s Hadoop deployment, they should use open source frameworks to ensure flexibility, compatibility, and innovative approaches to common data processing and storage problems. Of course, they also must ensure that common business analytics programs such as SAS and Revolution R can easily pull data from Hadoop for the use of internal data scientists, with minimal service interruptions.Further, IT managers, whether utilizing an on-premises deployment or a managed services provider, must ensure the security of the data. Many managed service providers, such as Cloudera, offer security options like Project Rhino and Sentry, now both open source Hadoop security initiatives. Like Cloudera’s Cloudera Navigator, some other managed service providers offer governance solutions to ensure legal compliance. Given the volumes of data and prevalence of hackers, viruses, and other security threats, this is on e responsibility that cannot be taken too lightly.HADOOP PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR BIG DATA MANAGEMENTIt is important to note that while Hadoop is open source, it is not free. Deployment, customization and optimization can drive up costs. However, since it is open source, any firm can offer Hadoop-based products and services. The firms offering the most robust releases of Hadoop-based services for Big Data management include Amazon Web Services, and Cloudera, Hortonworks, with Cloudera (which counts Doug Cutting as an employee) arguably being the most popular. Hortonworks is also well-known for counting many former Hadoop experts who formerly worked at Yahoo â€" a heavy Hadoop user.The Apache Foundation offers many open source packages that can be appended to a Hadoop installation. Further, many third-party business intelligence providers, like SAP AG, SAS, IBM, and Oracle provide support for Hadoop implementations, regardless of the managed service provider.GLOSSARY OF HADOOP-RELAT ED TERMSThe following are a few of the terms critical to understanding how Hadoop can be deployed at a firm to harness its data.Commodity computing: this refers to the optimization of computing components to maximize computation and minimize cost, and is usually performed with computing systems utilizing open standards. This is also known as cluster commodity computing.DataNode: this is what stores data in Hadoop. In a Hadoop cluster, there are multiple dataNodes with replicated data in each.Database management system: a system that allows a user to order, store, retrieve and manipulate data from a database. HDFS is commonly referred to as a database management system when in reality it is a file systemELT (Extract, Load and Transform): an acronym describing the processes, in order, which comprise a data manipulation method before data is uploaded into a file system or a database management system.File system: a directory-based system that controls how data is stored and retrieved.H adoop cluster: this is a computational cluster designed to store, process and analyze large volumes of unstructured data in a distributed computing environment.Hive: An Hadoop-based open source data warehouse that provides many relational database features, such as querying and analysis. Hive uses a programming language similar to SQL, called HiveQL.HUE: a browser-based interface for Hadoop end-users.JobTracker: this is a service that distributes MapReduce subtasks to specific nodes, once a client application has submitted a job.NameNode: the repository of the directory tree of all files in the HDFS, that also tracks where data is kept throughout the Hadoop cluster.Parallel processing: the concurrent use of one or more CPUs to run a program, which increases computing speed.Pig: a programming language used to create MapReduce programs in Hadoop.Unstructured data: data that lacks a predesigned data model, such as social media comments, or one that is not organized in a prearranged man ner, such as tags in a number of documents.Zookeeper: Hadoop-based infrastructure and services that allow cluster-wide synchronization.