Do Video Games Contribute to Violence Among the Youth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 973 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Youth Violence Essay Did you like this example? There are quite a few contributing factors that are considered when looking at childhood aggression. The main factors surround media violence. Violent media depicts intentional attempts by individuals to inflict harm on others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Do Video Games Contribute to Violence Among the Youth" essay for you Create order An individual can be a nonhuman cartoon character, a real person, or anything in between (EFFECTS ON VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES). Forms of violent media are video games. Violence in games has been an ongoing social issue in our time. Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, and other well-known games have been negatively impacting the youth. Studies have supported the effects being left on children and adolescents who interact with these games. It can change mind functioning which can lead to reckless behavior and contribute to aggression. American Psychological Association argues that video games cannot cause behavior problems and that there is insufficient evidence supporting the link that extends to criminal violence or delinquency (APA CITE).With supported evidence, it will be shown that video games does contribute to violence among the youth. As video games become more popular, society spends more time engaging in these games. Grand Theft Auto grants players the ability to kill, solicit, and steal. In the games, players are reward to carry out these actions. In Call of Duty, players are rewarded for killing others. These players also acquire extensive knowledge on guns and ammunition. Iowa State Universitys study on rewarding such behaviors believe that people who play video games that reward violence show higher levels of aggressive behavior and aggressive cognition. Reward game violence might also yield more positive attitudes toward and beliefs about using aggression to resolve real-world conflicts (REWARDING ARTICLE). Playing games in excess can encourage kids and teens to act out in a violent and aggressive manner. In games where the only objective is killing, they can be trained to handle situations aggressively. It alters their cognitive thinking and if done long enough, becomes embedded into their subconcious. Repeatedly playing these games also aid in their desensitization to real life situations, as well. A study defined video games as a reduction of emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence (DESENSITIZATION ARTICLE). Games like those stated previously contain blood, explosives, screaming, and corpses. This type of exposure can cause this desensitization. This study helped support that video games desensitize its players which makes them more likely to commit a violent act. Playing too much might convince the audience that violence is enjoyable. Kids and teens could view this type of violence as a form of entertainment which can be displayed in their daily lives. Karen Sternheimers research study after the Columbine shooting was administered to see if school shooters were playing a game called Doom excessively. Her results showed that the students that carried out the fatal shooting were habitual players of violent video games (KAREN S. ARTICLE). This study helped strengthen the link between the video games and the desensitization to real-world issues that we carry over into our daily lives. The video game, Doom, was licensed by the United States military to have their own versions called Marine Doom and Americas Army as a recruitment tool to train soldiers (Reagan). The game is a first-person shooter that consists of a team of four soldiers that have to carry out a rescue mission and destroy enemies. This game is still used in our present day in some a reas to help soldiers train. Habitual playing of these games for an adolescent or child would have a negative outcome which is shown in Sternheimers study.   Playing in abundance can negatively affect social behaviors in three ways. First, children lack empathy. They are unable to comprehend and understand another persons feelings. Second, they lack the ability to interact. Video games can be viewed as protection from the outside world. It reduces their opportunities to go out and interact. With video games being highly addicting, it makes it difficult to practice developing good interpersonal skills. In these games where your importance is defined by ranking or leaderboard placement, it becomes hard to apply that to your real life which is why children sometimes struggle. Lastly, they struggle with dealing with conflict. Due to the fact that aggressive and violent behaviors are rewarded in video games, kids might find themselves exhibiting that behavior as their first form of conflict management. The study by effect on behavior_ shows us that childrens cognitive thinking is altered which causes them to lack in these areas. Children also suffer with health issues from excessive play. Sleep deprivation and addiction are common issues among kids that play video games. Psychology Today refers to this as wired and tired. Two main factors for the sleep deprivation when playing are unnatural brightness of the screen and electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The intense brightness disturbs circadian rhythms and also does damage to the eyes. The level of EMR in the electronic devices disrupt the bodys melatonin release (Dunckley, Wired and tired). Addiction is a common result of habitual play with children. Time and effort is constantly invested in these games which cause these kids to become addicted. Aggressive behavior, poor social skills, and many others are negative results of excessive video gaming. These games reward kids for carrying out violent acts which cause kids to be more aggressive in their lives. It also desensitizes children and increases their chances of creating violent acts. With these games as forms of entertainment, kids view violence as enjoyable. Such views pose as a problem when it is carried over into the real world. Video games have been viewed as a contributing factor to school shootings. It also contributes to social and health issues among the youth. Kids are not able to develop interpersonal relationships due to addiction to these games and lack of time with others in real-life. Evidence supports that video games do contribute to violence among the youth.

Business and Social Responsibility - 1140 Words

When a business gets incorporated regardless of the business size and the nature of profession requires an adequate execution methods for being successful and to achieve its goals. Some of these goals can be short-term or long-term, depends on the nature of business. Likewise, these execution methodologies can be vary time to time as the corporate needs to satisfy different groups of people such as : top hierarchy stakeholders, staffs ,shareholders, and even non-related business groups such as environmentalists . In 21st century people having a better understanding of incorporated businesses in their societies. Having said that, most medium to large size corporations are active in international markets which brings them more challenges and†¦show more content†¦Also, Bombardier’s sustainability policies as part of corporate social responsibility is publicly available and it is more clear to stakeholders. The corporate strategy that drives Bombardier successful is based on the concept of shared value: creating better ways to move the world meets a fundamental societal need. It is the necessary answer to urban congestion and sprawl, escalating oil and energy prices, environmental challenges, and the overwhelming need to connect people to opportunity and to each other (bombardier, 2014). Another important factor of success is having a solid CSR strategy. CSR can act as an advertisement component for bringing new investors and stakeholders to the company. Part of the strategy is to keep people in communities involved to the company’s project. Bombardier has been involved in research with universities which uses of new graduate students and intern .This also means create more jobs for the communities and one of the consequences is facilitate of communities growth (mediacentre.bombardier, 2013) . In conclusion, with the increased attention to CSR by all stakeholders, it is a must to integrate a CSR model to the corporate strategy as a key factor of success. CSR canShow MoreRelatedThe Social Responsibility Of Business932 Words   |  4 PagesA corporation does do business within a vacuum; rather exist as part of larger collective framework of society, stakeholders and a global business community. I believe that corporations which are profitable, and promote moral and ethical standards are the benchmark of success; additionally, corporations bear a great social responsibility to the society it exists within, an simply working within â€Å"the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom† is not enoughRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe business be held accountable for these actions? In his essay â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profit† Milton Friedman , powerful economist, discusses what a business should prioritize in the economic system. Friedman declares what a business is responsible for and the guidelines they must follow. Due to Friedman’s view, he would not have condoned the actions and decisions that the executives at Ford Motor Company took. Friedman argues that the only responsibility a businessRead MoreThe Social Responsibility of a Business647 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Social Responsibility of Business: The role of business in the society became a major aspect across business after Milton Freedman wrote the most provocative article in 1970. As an economist, Freedman stated that the main purpose of businesses is to generate profits for its shareholders. 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However, Cohen’s article on social responsibility drew a lot attention from other scholars like Friedman. In view of this, this paper will discuss and define the concept of social responsibility of a business to its workers, stakeholders, and society; how the perspectives align with that of Drucker; comparing Cohen’s opinion with that of Friedman and finally determines which of the two individual’s opinion best aligns with the current business climate promotingRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pagesagree or disagree with the following quotation: â€Å"There is one and only one social responsibility of business—to use its resources and engage i n activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say engages in free and open competition, without deception and fraud.† Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize winning economist. In other words, the social responsibility of business is to make a profit. 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Several Breaches of Duties Mentioned †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Corporation Several Breaches of Duties Mentioned? Answer: Introducation The facts of ASIC v Adler (2002) are quite complex and unique. In this case, it was alleged by the ASIC that several breaches of the duties mentioned in the Corporation Act, 2001 has taken place. As a result of very bad corporate governance, there was the collapse of HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd. The breach of duties alleged in this case included the breach of duty mentioned in section 180 (duty of care and diligence); duty mentioned in section 181 (to act in good faith); duty prescribed in section 182 (not to making proper use of position); the duty mentioned in section 183 (not to make improper use of information) and s 260A related financial assistance. The present issues were also related with the business judgment rule as provided in section 181(2). In this way, it can be said that the decision given by the court in ASIC v Adler serves as a clear reminder for the directors that it is necessary that the directors and the corporations should make sure that effective corporate governance frameworks have been installed in the company for the purpose of safeguarding the company from the improper actions of the directors. While implementing such a process, sufficient checks and balances should be introduced so that it can be ensured that it is not easy to bypass the system (CAMAC Report, 2006). In ASIC v Adler, the issue was related with the payment of $10 million by a subsidiary of HIH to a company in which Mr. Adler was the sole director. The below mentioned investments were made in this company by using a trust mechanism. Around $4 million were used for acquiring the shares of HIH; a purchase of venture capital unlisted investments was made from another company of Adler; and in the same way, loans were given to the entities that were related with Adler. All this took place without any approval from the board of directors. Similarly, there were no collective disclosures made to the board of the company or to the investment community of HIH. At the same time, these loans were it was without any proper documentation or taking any security. The payment was made in such a way so that the other directors of HIH may not know about it. In fact, in this case Santow J was of the opinion that the semi-covert by passing of the safeguards installed in the company revealed the consciousness of them property on part of Adler. Under these circumstances, the court arrived at the conclusion that Adler had made contraventions of the four sections mentioning the duties of directors in the Corporations Act. These included the duty of care and diligence (s180); duty of good faith (s181); duty not to use position improperly (s182) and duty which requires that the directors should not use the information improperly (s183). At the same time, the court also stated that the other two directors of the company, Williams and Fodera were also liable for the breach of their duties, although to a lesser extent. Therefore the decision given in this case has significant implications for the business judgment rule as well as for the arm's length provisions that are present in the Corporations Act. The purpose behind the introduction of the business judgment rule in the Corporations Act was to provide a safe harbor in case of the business segments that are made in good faith and by exercising due care (Ford, 2005). In the present case also, all the three directors of the company sought the protection provided by the business judgment rule. However Santow J, arrived at the conclusion that for the purpose of relying on the protection provided by the business judgment rule, first of all, it has to be established that a business judgment was made by the director (Black and Baldwin, 2010). Then, such a judgment has to satisfy the below mentioned requirements. It is necessary that the judgments should have been made in good faith and for proper purpose (Black, 2012). However, in the present case, San tow J was of the opinion that there was a material personal interest of Adler in this matter. Similarly, it cannot be established in this case that the business judgment was made in good faith and for proper purpose. As a result, the business judgment rule was not applicable in this case. The court also stated that the business judgment rule was also not applicable in case of the other two directors of the company. Regarding Williams, the court concluded that he had failed to make the business judgment. Or to the extent to which the business judgment was made by him, he could not establish that such statement was made by him in good faith and for proper purpose. Regarding the other director, Fodera the court had stated that there was no business judgment made at all by him. In fact, the lapse on his part was that he had failed to bring the attention of the other directors towards this transaction. Arm's length exception: According to s208, Corporations Act it is necessary that the approval should be taken from the shareholders of the company when a financial benefit is going to be given to a related party (Baldwin and Black, 2008). However, the exception that is present to this rule is known as the arms length exception. In the present case, the court discovered that the terms under which the payment of $10 million was made, it cannot be said that it was arm's length, and therefore a clear contravention of s208 was present in this case. The court also found in this case that it was not reasonable that the transaction should have involved the purchase of shares in the present company, that were going to be paid by the wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, without completing any documentation and security. Therefore the court stated that the terms of the trust deed were grossly inadequate for the purpose of protecting the company's interests. Once money was transferred to the trust, there was a complete lack of any mechanism, which could be used to dictate how the money was to be spent. Similarly in this case, no report from the any independent expert was taken and simply it was a clear case of the lack of proper safeguards. Although in this case, there was not much discussion regarding the legal concepts related with the arm's length terms, it was suggested by the court in context of this type of transaction that there is at least a need for sufficiently documents and prospects of providing security. The court also stated that any reasonably careful officer or director who was in a similar position as Adler would not have allowed the payment of $10 million to PEE to be applied in part for buying the shares of HIH. In this case there was failure on the part of Adler to follow the authorized practices concerning the investments made by HIH/HIHC. And also to make sure that sufficient safeguards have been stalled to protect HIH or HIHC. The objective of Adler was to support the share price of HIH (he was doing so for his own significant shareholding in the company), instead of allowing HIH to obtain, through its interests in AEUT, the advantage of good profit by reselling the HIH shares. Similarly regarding Ray Williams, the court stated that he knew very well that the amount of $10 million was going to be used in whole or partly for paying for the shares of HIH still he allowed that this amount should be paid in advance without any documentation and without prescribing any required safeguards to deal with the potential conflicts of interest of Adler as special vigilance was needed in these circumstances. Although the main responsibility was of the director who had proposed to enter into this transaction, but in such a case the other directors or officers cannot be excused when they came to know of the proposed transaction. Common sense required that any other reasonably care for director would have raised the issue of making a payment of $10 million to a director before the board of the company or at least with the investment committee of the HIH. In the same way, the court stated that Fodera was also liable for the breach of section 180. In this case, the former directors tried to rely on the protection provided by the business judgment rule.. Are they could not be successful. In this case, the code stated that there was no business judgment. In this case, Rodney Adler calls three unsecured loans, to be given to AEUT without sufficient documentation, to companies all funds that were associated with them or his Adler Corporation. It was held to be called the advantage of Adler and at the same time, to the disadvantage of AEUT. The court arrived at the conclusion that in this case, the payment of $10 million made by HIHC to PEE can be considered as "giving a financial benefit" to PEE, Adler Corporation and Adler, falling within the purview of s 229. In this way, HIH and HIHC were held responsible for contravening the provisions of section 208. At the same time, it was also stated that this transaction cannot be considered as an arms length transaction as mentioned in section 210. Similarly, when it entered into the trust deed later on, was also not considered as falling within the purview of arms length exception as provided in s. 210 due to the reason that there were no proper safeguards present in the trust deed under the circumstances in which there was a possibility of Adler. Having your conflicts of interest, and when it was considerably one-sided against HIHC. The court also held in this case that this transaction was performed at the requests made by Adler and with confidence and directions given by Williams. As a result, it can be said that both these persons were involved in giving a financial benefit as mentioned in section 79. Similarly, it was held that both of them had contravened the provisions of section 209(2) when they were found to be involved in the breach of section 208 by HIH and HIHC. Similarly, the court arrived at the conclusion that Fodera was also liable for breaching the provisions of s. 209(2). The reason was that it was discovered by the court that he had adequate knowledge concerning the essential elements of the contravention and the attempts made by him later on to distance himself from the transaction by referring these matters to the persons did not alter the situatio n. Duty of good faith (s181): In this case, Rodney Adler was the director who was held by the court to have breached the provisions of section 181. The reason was that Adler, other than the failure to make proper disclosure, was also held to be promoting his personal interest when a substantial possibility was present regarding a conflict between the interests of the company and his personal interests. As a result of the illegality under sections 208 and 260A, the interests of HIH and HIHC were put at stake and also due to the reason of concealing the fact from the market that the purchase of HIH shares was funded by HIHC and not Adler on his interests In this way, the judgment given in ASIC v Adler serves as a reminder that the statutory protection provided by the business judgment rule cannot be used as a shield against liability for the conduct of dishonest or reckless directors. Similarly, the Australian courts have not yet applied the business judgment rule provided in the Corporation Act in the favor of a director. Moreover, in view of the fact that the rule mentioned in the Corporations Act in Australia is closely based on its US equivalent, should provide comfort to the directors in Australia that the courts will not second-guess the good faith decisions of the directors who approved an acquisition on the basis of expert advice and by following the appropriate board process. References Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (CAMAC) Report, 2006 The Social Responsibility of Corporations, CAMAC, at 82 Ford H A J. 2005, Fords Principles of Corporations Law, 12th ed, Butterwroths, Sydney, 2005 at 176. Julia Black and Robert Baldwin, 2010 'Really Responsive Risk-Based Regulation', University of Denver Law Policy, p. 184. Julia Black, (2012) 'Paradoxes and Failures: "New Governance" Techniques and the Financial Crisis', Modern Law Review 75:6, p. 1039 Robert Baldwin and Julia Black, 2008 'Really Responsive Regulation', Modern Law Review 71:1 pp. 59, 6667

The Medias Influence on Teenage Smoking free essay sample

A paper which questions the medias role in creating teenage smokers. The effects of media are often the scapegoat for a lot of societys problems and teen smoking is no exception. Many people believe that the media is solely to blame for the rise in teen smokers in the U.S. However, there are more determinant factors at work here. This paper explores the causes of teen smoking and provides arguments against the current media effects theories circulating at the moment. It shows that the media is only a vehicle for the tobacco companies to use in promoting their brands to the general public. It shows too that the major influences that determine whether an adolescent will start smoking involve the quality of their relationship with their parents, their peer group dynamic, and the state of their emotional health. The author surmises that only in addressing the problems that may exist in these areas can society properly address the problem of teen smoking. We will write a custom essay sample on The Medias Influence on Teenage Smoking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As an example of the impact advertising has on the teenaged population, another research study discovered that 12- and 13-year-olds residing in Massachusetts who had seen an anti-smoking television commercial were half as likely to take up smoking compared to those who hadnt seen the anti-smoking ad. Interestingly enough, older teenagers did not appear to be affected by the same ads. This is probably due to the fact that older adolescents possess stronger opinions about certain subjects and so cannot be easily swayed or their addiction to tobacco is already entrenched which would nullify the effects of the anti-smoking campaign on them. While the impact of media on young impressionable minds cannot be ignored, it is not the only factor that compels some teenagers to start smoking. Various other factors, which are a bigger determinant, are also at work.